On the dynamic electromechanical loading of dielectric elastomer membranes

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have received considerable attention recently due to large voltage-induced strains, which can be over 100%. Previously, a large deformation quasi-static model that describes the out-of-plane deformations of clamped diaphragms was derived. The numerical model results compare well with quasi-static experimental results for the same configuration. With relevance to dynamic applications, the time-varying response of initially planar dielectric elastomer membranes configured for out-of-plane deformations has not been reported until now. In this paper, an experimental investigation and analysis of the dynamic response of a dielectric elastomer membrane is reported. The experiments were conducted with prestretched DEAs fabricated from 0.5 mm thick polyacrylate films and carbon grease electrodes. The experiments covered the electromechanical spectrum by investigating membrane response due to (i) a time-varying voltage input and (ii) a time-varying pressure input, resulting in a combined electromechanical loading state in both cases. For the time-varying voltage experiments, the membrane had a prestretch of three and was passively inflated to various predetermined states, and then actuated. The pole strains incurred during the inflation were as high as 25.6%, corresponding to slightly less than a hemispherical state. On actuation, the membrane would inflate further, causing a maximum additional strain of 9.5%. For the time-varying pressure experiments, the prestretched membrane was inflated and deflated mechanically while a constant voltage was applied. The membrane was cycled between various predetermined inflation states, the largest of which was nearly hemispherical, which with an applied constant voltage of 3 kV corresponded to a maximum polar strain of 28%. The results from these experiments reveal that the response of the membrane is a departure from the classical dynamic response of continuum membrane structures. The dynamic response of the membrane is that of a damped system with specific deformation shapes reminiscent of the classical membrane mode shapes but without same-phase oscillation, that is to say all parts of the system do not pass through the equilibrium configuration at the same time. Of particular interest is the ability to excite these deformations through a varying electrical load at constant mechanical pressure.     

Three Stilbene Tetramers from the Roots of Caragana sinica

Three stilbene tetramers, carasinols A-C (1-3), along with three known substances, leachianol C, cararosinol A and stenophyllol B, were isolated from the roots of Caragana sinica. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy. It was found that compounds isolated except for stenophyllol B stimulated the proliferation of cultured osteoblasts.     

Penta-Coordinate Phosphorus Intermediates Analysis on Phospho-related Proteins

In this paper, based on known crystal structures of square pyramid （SP） and trigonal bipyramid （TBP） penta coordinated phosphorus compounds containing amino acid side chains, such as amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl or thiol, a software for survey the P（5）-structure of phosphorylated proteins was derived. By this software, it was found that 382 of 398 phosphorus related kinases （96%） from current PDB could go through the penta-coordinated phosphorus transition state or intermediate.     

二阶拟线性椭圆型方程振动性的积分平均方法

§ 1.　IntroductionThepurposeofthispaperistostudytheoscillatorybehaviorofsolutionsofcertainquasi linearellipticequationsdiv( ｜Du｜m -2 A(x)Du) + p(x) ｜u｜m -2 u=0 ,x∈Ω Rn,(E)whereΩisanexteriordomain ,m >1 ,andfunctionsA(x) ,p(x)aretobespecifiedinthefollowingtext.Recently ,USAMI [6]consideredEq .(E)whenA(x)≡I (identitymatrix) ,andob tainedoscillationcriteriaforEq .(E)with“infiniteintegral”coefficient [cf.[6],Theorem 4].However,asfarasthepresentreferencesisconcerned ,therearefewo…     

基于突变论的林火蔓延分析

在对森林火灾进行能量和质量守恒分析的基础上,把尖点突变模型应用于森林火灾蔓延的预测,使突变理论在 森林火灾的模型中从理论上有了初步的应用。文中计算了林火发生突变时的一些分歧点,分析了林火突变的特点和变化规 律。     

Na离子和Cl离子引起He原子直接多重电离过程的研究

利用2～8 MeV的Naq+、Clq+(q=2,3,4,5)轰击氦原子,对碰撞的直接多重电离过程进行研究.实验采用反冲离子-散射离子飞行时间符合技术,通过反冲离子飞行时间谱区分不同价态反冲离子;利用静电偏转和位置灵敏探测技术区分不同电荷态散射离子;结合CAMAC-PC多参数获取系统得到一定价态散射离子所对应的反冲离子电荷态分布谱;经分析该谱得到直接多重电离截面与直接单电离截面之比R21.讨论了R21随入射离子速度和电荷态的变化关系.     

27,28P+28Si总反应截面增强及可能相关的机制

测量了27,28P和相应同中子异位素在28Si靶上的中能反应截面.测得N=12和13同中子异位素的反应截面在Z=15处突然增大.对Z≤14同中子异位素和28P的实验数据结果可以用改进的光学极限近似的Glauber理论很好地描述.28P的反应截面能够用扩大核芯以改进的Glauber理论来解释.但是,用改进光学极限和少体近似的Glauber理论却低估了27P的实验数据.理论分析表明,扩大的核芯加质子晕可能是响应27P+28Si反应截面增强的机制. The reaction cross sections of~(27,28)P and the corresponding isotones on Si target were measured at intermediate energies. The measured reaction cross sections of the N=12 and 13 isotones show an abrupt increase at Z=15. The experimental results for the isotones with Z≤14 and~(28)P can be described well by the modified Glauber theory of the optical limit approach. The enhancement of the reaction cross section for~(28)P could be explained by the modified Glauber theory with an enlarged core. Theoretical ana...     

Learning to Make Sense of Division of Fractions: One K–8 Preservice Teacher's Perspective

Current reform documents in mathematics education recommend that teachers help students develop both conceptual and procedural understandings. However, teachers often do not possess the in-depth mathematical reasoning necessary to accomplish this goal. The purpose of this article is to provide one way in which preservice teachers can come to better understand the mathematics they will teach.     

光子选通光谱烧孔的全息检测与图像存贮

报道在有机光子选通光谱烧孔材料苯基四苯并卟啉锌/芳晴系统中，进行全息光谱烧孔和图像存贮的实验结果．实验表明全息烧孔极大地提高了光谱孔的检测灵敏度和信噪比．通过全息光子选通光谱烧孔，成功地进行了光子选通型的频率选择的多幅全息图存贮，得到清晰的图像再现 关键词：     

一个包含Smarandache函数的方程

对于任意正整数n,我们用S(n)表示Smarandache函数,即S(n)=min{m:n|m!}.本文的主要目的是运用初等方法研究方程∑_(d|n)S(d)=n的可解性,并给出它的所有正整数解.